Ian Kershaw is Professor of Modern History at the University of Sheffield and one of the world's leading authorities on Hitler. For services to history he was given the German award of the Federal Cross of Merit in 1994 and knighted in 2002, and was awarded the Norton Medlicott Medal by the Historical Association in 2004. He is the author of Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris and Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis.